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Statistics, Frequency and Frequency Distributions

Statistics: - By “statistics” we mean aggregate or combination of facts affected to a marked extends by multiplicity of causes, numerically expressed and estimated according to reasonable standards of accuracy, collected in a systematic manner and placed in relation to each other. There are two ways of statistics: 1. Frequency Distribution and 2. Graphical Distribution. Frequency: - The way to count the number of items a particular value is repeated, is called the frequency of any class. That means, frequency is the total number of items that a particular value is repeated in a table or data. Frequency Distributions: - A set of classes together with the frequencies of occurrence of values in again set of data, presented in a tabular form, is referred to as a frequency distribution. frequency distribution Construct a frequency distribution from the class marks of EEE 36 Batch who got the numbers in total trimester in statistics and
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Empirical Relation between Mean, Median and Mode

A distribution in which the values of mean, median and mode coincide (i.e. mean = median = mode) is known as a symmetrical distribution. Conversely, when values of mean, median and mode are not equal the distribution is known as asymmetrical or skewed distribution. In moderately skewed or asymmetrical distribution a very important relationship exists among these three measures of central tendency. In such distributions the distance between the mean and median is about one-third of the distance between the mean and mode, as will be clear from the diagrams 1 and 2 Karl Pearson expressed this relationship as:

Measures of Central Tendency

Central Tendency: - The tendency of the individual item of a statistical series to cluster around the central value is called the Central Tendency. Sometimes it is called the measure of location or a measure of representation. Several types of Central Tendency can be defined: The commons are The Arithmetic Mean The Median The Mode The Geometric Mean The Harmonic Mean The Arithmetic Mean: - The Arithmetic Mean of a grouped frequency distribution is defined as A = any guessed or assumed class mark. f = Frequency of each class interval. n = Sum of total frequency. i = Range of class interval. d = Deviation of the assumed class mark from each class interval by the range of class interval. d = (Xi – A) / i The Median: - The Median of a grouped is defined as Where, M e = Median of the total class. f c = Previous cumulative frequency of all classes above the media class. f m = Frequency of the correspon

Graphical Distribution of Frequency Distribution

Frequency distribution can be presented graphically in any one of the following ways: Histogram Frequency Polygon Smooth Frequency Curve Cumulative Frequency Curve of Ogive Curve Pie-Chart Histogram: - A histogram is an area diagram in which the frequencies corresponding to each class interval of frequency distribution are by the area of a rectangle without leaving no gap between the cosective rectangles. Frequency Polygon: - This is one kind of histogram which is represented by joining the straight lines of the mid points of the upper horizontal side of each rectangle with adjacent rectangles. Smooth Frequency Curve: - This is one kind of histogram which is represented by joining the mid points by free hand of the upper horizontal side of each rectangle with adjacent rectangles. Comulative Frequency Curve or Ogive Curve: - The total frequency of all values less then the upper class boundary of a